Resumen En Chile no se han desarrollado investigaciones sobre la formación del profesorado de Educación Física que consideren el análisis de la matrícula desde la perspectiva de género. Con el propósito de atender esta cuestión, el presente trabajo se ha fijado como objetivo describir, desde la perspectiva de género, el comportamiento de las matrículas femeninas y masculinas en los estudios de Pedagogía en Educación Física en las universidades chilenas, a partir de un enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño no experimental, retrospectivo y de alcance exploratorio-descriptivo, que analizó datos sobre la matrícula en Pedagogía en Educación Física en el periodo comprendido desde el año 2005 hasta 2019; se empleó información de fuentes oficiales de acceso abierto. Los resultados del análisis de las matrículas femeninas muestran un comportamiento que tiende a una disminución sistemática en la elección de las mujeres por esta carrera, lo que presenta una importante brecha negativa de género, que no es concordante con el comportamiento de las carreras del área pedagógica en general, ni con la matrícula de las instituciones de nivel superior. Así, se reporta una clara hegemonía de las matrículas masculinas para las carreras de Pedagogía en Educación Física en Chile.

Abstract Chile has not yet conducted studies on physical education teacher training programs which examine enrollment trends for that college major based on a gender approach. This study examines female and male enrollment trends for physical education teacher training programs throughought Chile´s universities. The study was executed using a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, retrospective and exploratory-descriptive design. Data pertaining to college training programs spanning 2005 to 2109 was used from official open-access sources. Study results of the study, reveal a reduction in the number of women that enroll to become PE Teacher-Training majors, thereby emphasizing a significant gender gap inconsistent with teacher training programs in other disciplines as well as student university enrollment, in general. This is a distinct reflection of the persistence of masculine hegemony in physical education teacher training programs in Chile.

The aim of this paper is to describe how students from the Social Sciences Faculty at Universidad de Chile conceptualize a "proper teacher". After verifying the low production of Chilean studies about the subject, six focus groups with students of this faculty were created and analysed. The results indicate that student's demands are wide, diverse, interconnected, and focused on different aspects from traditional contents expertise. For students, it is particularly important the teacher's ability to be a clear and expert communicator, a stimulus, a fair assessments producer, a facilitator of participation and a confidence spaces builder. Finally, a discussion about the position from which students establish their demands, as well as the challenges this expectations present to universities and to country are discussed.

El objetivo de este artículo es describir la forma en que los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Chile conceptualizan a un "buen docente". Luego de constatar la baja producción de estudios chilenos sobre el particular, se produjeron y analizaron cualitativamente 6 grupos focales con alumnos de dicha Unidad Académica. Los resultados indican que la demanda estudiantil a sus profesores es amplia, diversa e interconectada y se encuentra centrada en aspectos diferentes al tradicional dominio de contenidos. Especial importancia tiene para los jóvenes la capacidad del profesor para ser un comunicador claro y experto, un generador de analistas autónomos, motivador, productor de evaluaciones justas, facilitador de la participación y generador de espacios de confianza. Finalmente, se discute el lugar desde el cual los estudiantes construyen sus demandas y los desafíos que estas expectativas presentan a las Universidades y al país.

Objetiva-se descrever como os estudantes da Faculdade de Ciencias Sociais da Universidade do Chile conceituam um "bom professor". Após verificar a baixa produção chilena referente ao assunto, foram produzidos e analisados 6 grupos focais com alunos da referida instituição. Resultados indicam que a demanda estudantil relacionada aos docentes é ampla, diversa, interligada e encontra-se focada em aspectos diferentes do tradicional dominio do conteúdo. É particularmente importante para os estudantes a capacidade do professor para comunicar-se clara e espertamente, ser gerador de críticos autônomos, motivador, produtor de avaliações justas, facilitador da participadlo e gerador de espaços de confiança. Finalmente, se discute o lugar desde onde os estudantes constroem suas demandas e os desafios que essas expectativas representam as universidades e ao país.

Background: Indoor pollution can be an important risk factor for human health, considering that people spend more than 60% of their time in their houses. Aim: To investigate indoor pollution in a zone of extreme poverty in Metropolitan Santiago. Material and methods: During 24h, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), respirable particulate matter (PM10), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons absorbed in PM5, temperature and humidity, were measured in the interior of 24 houses in La Pintana, Santiago. Results: The higher pollutant concentrations were observed during hours when heating was used, in houses that used coal (mean PM10 250 µg/m3, CO 42 ppm, SO2 192 ppb) or firewood (mean PM10 489 µg/m3, CO 57 ppm, SO2 295 ppb). In all houses, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected and they came from the interior of the house and not from external filtered air. Coal, firewood and cigarette smoke were important sources of carcinogenic and kerosene and gas were sources of non carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Conclusions: In the houses studied, the population was exposed to an accumulation of highly toxic pollutants, caused by a lack of ventilation. A high relative humidity also contributed to the growth of biological pollutants (Rev Méd Chile 2001; 129: 33-42).

This study was designed to embrace three areas: a) serologic and radiologic diagnosis and surgical treatment of hydatidosis in an asymptomatic human population, b) animal diagnosis and the treatment of dogs, and c) evaluation of extent of knowledge and performance of educational interventions among rural families and health, livestock, and education professionals and technicians, in order to help control the disease transmission cycle. Indirect hemagglutination and ELISA tests were performed on 5 556 apparently healthy people. Of these, 42 (0.8%) had positive results on both tests, for a seroprevalence of 754.6 per 100 000. These 42 subjects were scheduled for liver ultrasonography and a chest x-ray; of the 26 who complied, 16 showed images compatible with a hydatid cyst. Those 16 cases were sent to the hospital for surgery. In 9 of the cases the diagnosis was confirmed surgically, for a prevalence of 161.7 per 100 000. Arecoline hydrobromide was administered as a laxative to 2 358 dogs to detect the strobilar form of Echinococcus granulosus, and positive results were found in 11% of the dogs. Official data for slaughterhouses indicated the presence of hydatid cysts in 13% of the cattle, 4.4% of the sheep, and 4.2% of the pigs slaughtered in the region. The educational program included an evaluation of the extent of knowledge by surveying heads of household; an educational intervention among families through an informal active participatory process using educational games, in which 1082 families participated; and an educational intervention with professionals and technicians using distance and inperson approaches. To evaluate the program, the results of knowledge tests before and after educational interventions with 200 families (cases) were compared with those from 95 families who did not participate (controls). Of the 1 423 heads of household initially surveyed about their knowledge of echinococcosis/hydatidosis, 783 of them (55%) said they knew nothing about the infection. It was found that the participatory educational games were well adapted to the lifestyle of people from rural areas and made change possible. Training was provided to 276 health professionals, 201 technical assistants, and 453 rural teachers. The program reached 100% of the staff members of the area's rural primary health care services.

El presente estudio se proyectó para un trabajo simultáneo en tres ámbitos: a) diagnóstico serológico y radiológico y tratamiento quirúrgico de la hidatidosis en la población humana asintomática; b) diagnóstico animal y tratamiento de los perros, y c) evaluación de conocimientos e intervención educativa en familias campesinas y en profesionales y técnicos en salud, agropecuaria y educación, con el fin de contribuir al control del ciclo de transmisión de la enfermedad. Se efectuaron pruebas de hemaglutinación indirecta y ELISA a 5 566 personas aparentemente sanas. Los 42 (0,8%) casos con resultados positivos en ambas pruebas (seroprevalencia de 754,6 por 100 000) fueron citados para ser sometidos a una ecografía hepática y una radiografía de tórax y, de los 26 que acudieron, 16 presentaron imágenes compatibles con quiste hidatídico. Estos 16 casos fueron enviados al hospital para ser intervenidos y en los 9 que acudieron se confirmó el diagnóstico quirúrgicamente, lo cual representa una prevalencia de 161,7 por 100 000. En 2 358 perros se procedió a la detección de la forma estrobilar de Echinococcus granulosus mediante purga con bromhidrato de arecolina y se obtuvieron resultados positivos en 11%. Los datos oficiales registrados en los mataderos revelaron la presencia de quistes hidatídicos en 13% de los bovinos, 4,4% de los ovinos y 4,2% de los porcinos sacrificados en la región. El programa educativo comprendió una evaluación de conocimientos mediante una encuesta al cabeza de familia, la intervención educativa entre las familias por un proceso participatorio activo no formal de carácter lúdico en el que participaron 1 082 familias, y la intervención educativa entre profesionales y técnicos mediante metodología a distancia y presencial. Para evaluar los resultados del programa se compararon los resultados de las pruebas de conocimientos antes y después de la intervención educativa en 200 familias que participaron en ella (casos) y en 95 que no participaron (controles). Del análisis de los conocimientos sobre equinococosis/hidatidosis, 783 familias (55%) demostraron no saber nada sobre la infección. Se observó que las técnicas participatorias lúdicas se adaptan a la forma de ser del campesino y permiten obtener cambios. Se capacitaron 276 profesionales de la salud, 201 auxiliares técnicos y 453 profesores rurales. Entre los equipos de atención primaria rural, el programa tuvo una cobertura de 100%.

Five decapod crustacean species caught in experimental and exploratory fishing surveys around Robinson Crusoe and Santa Clara islands, Chile (33º38'S, 78º49'W), are identified and described. The fishing operation consisted in setting pots, between 50 and 1000 m depth, from November 1996 to June 1997. The species found were Jasus frontalis (50-100 m), Projasus bahamondei (250 m), Paromola rathbuni (100-300 m), Chaceon chilensis (200-1000 m) and Ovalipes trimaculatus (100 m). The species distribution is discussed, as well as the colonization mechanisms and population renewal of these populations inhabiting islands and submarine mountains of the Southeast Pacific, which are remarkably distant them and from the South American continent

Se identifica y describe las cinco especies de crustáceos decápodos capturados en faenas de pesca exploratoria y experimentales realizadas con trampas caladas en torno a las islas Robinson Crusoe y Santa Clara, archipiélago de Juan Fernández, Chile (33º38'S, 78º49'W), entre 50 y 1000 m de profundidad, de noviembre de 1996 a junio de 1997. Las especies encontradas corresponden a Jasus frontalis (50-100 m), Projasus bahamondei (250 m), Paromola rathbuni (100-300 m), Chaceon chilensis (200-1000 m) y Ovalipes trimaculatus (100 m). Se discute la distribución de estas especies, como también los posibles mecanismos de colonización y renovación de sus poblaciones que habitan en islas y montañas submarinas del océano Pacífico suroriental, notablemente distanciadas entre sí y del continente sudamericano

OBJETIVO: Realizou-se revisão das taxas estimadas de suicídio na Região Metropolitana, setor sociopolítico principal do Chile, no período de 1979-94, para determinar se essas taxas seguem um padrão sazonal. MÉTODO: Os dados disponíveis para o período 1979-94 no Serviço Médico Legal foram analisados pela ANOVA. RESULTADOS: Foram registrados 5.386 suicídios, porém, nos meses "cálidos" (outubro, novembro, dezembro, janeiro) concentram-se os 39,0% dos casos. Nos meses frios foram consignados 28,7%. Esta observação fica mais clara pela análise mês a mês, demonstrando taxas mais altas em dezembro (10,0%) e mais baixas em junho (7%). Através de análises estatísticas ficou demonstrado que a diferença é significativa. CONCLUSÃO: Foi demonstrado que no Chile, sendo representativo do Hemisfério Sul, o índice de suicídio tem a tendência de apresentar uma variação sazonal, assim como tem sido demonstrado em numerosas publicações no Hemisfério Norte.

OBJECTIVE: To review the estimated suicide rates for the Region Metropolitan, the main socio-political center in Chile, for the period 1979-1994, and to determine whether they follow a seasonal pattern. METHOD: Data available for the period 1979-94 at the Forensic Services in Chile was analyzed using ANOVA. RESULTS: It was register 5.386 suicides. While the "warm" months (October, November, December & January) concentrated 39.0% of cases, the so called "cold" months reported 28,7%. This contrast is made even clearer by the month-to-month analysis, showing the highest suicide rate in December (10.9%) against the lowest rate in June (7.0%). Further statistical analysis revealed these differences to be significant. CONCLUSION: The study shows that in Chile, representing as it does the Southern Hemisphere, the suicide rates tend to present a seasonal variation as has elsewhere been determined for in the North Hemisphere.

OBJETIVO: Realizou-se revisão das taxas estimadas de suicídio na Região Metropolitana, setor sociopolítico principal do Chile, no período de 1979-94, para determinar se essas taxas seguem um padrão sazonal. MÉTODO: Os dados disponíveis para o período 1979-94 no Serviço Médico Legal foram analisados pela ANOVA. RESULTADOS: Foram registrados 5.386 suicídios, porém, nos meses "cálidos" (outubro, novembro, dezembro, janeiro) concentram-se os 39,0% dos casos. Nos meses frios foram consignados 28,7%. Esta observação fica mais clara pela análise mês a mês, demonstrando taxas mais altas em dezembro (10,0%) e mais baixas em junho (7%). Através de análises estatísticas ficou demonstrado que a diferença é significativa. CONCLUSÃO: Foi demonstrado que no Chile, sendo representativo do Hemisfério Sul, o índice de suicídio tem a tendência de apresentar uma variação sazonal, assim como tem sido demonstrado em numerosas publicações no Hemisfério Norte.

OBJECTIVE: To review the estimated suicide rates for the Region Metropolitan, the main socio-political center in Chile, for the period 1979-1994, and to determine whether they follow a seasonal pattern. METHOD: Data available for the period 1979-94 at the Forensic Services in Chile was analyzed using ANOVA. RESULTS: It was register 5.386 suicides. While the "warm" months (October, November, December & January) concentrated 39.0% of cases, the so called "cold" months reported 28,7%. This contrast is made even clearer by the month-to-month analysis, showing the highest suicide rate in December (10.9%) against the lowest rate in June (7.0%). Further statistical analysis revealed these differences to be significant. CONCLUSION: The study shows that in Chile, representing as it does the Southern Hemisphere, the suicide rates tend to present a seasonal variation as has elsewhere been determined for in the North Hemisphere.